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Saturn ((ラテン語:Saturnus) (:saˈtʊr.nʊs)) is a god in ancient Roman religion, and a character in myth. Saturn is a complex figure because of his multiple associations and long history. He was the first god of the Capitol, known since the most ancient times as ''Saturnius Mons'', and was seen as a god of generation, dissolution, plenty, wealth, agriculture, periodic renewal and liberation. In later developments he came to be also a god of time. His reign was depicted as a Golden Age of plenty and peace. The Temple of Saturn in the Roman Forum housed the state treasury. In December, he was celebrated at what is perhaps the most famous of the Roman festivals, the Saturnalia, a time of feasting, role reversals, free speech, gift-giving and revelry. Saturn the planet and Saturday are both named after the god. ==Mythology of Saturn== The Roman soil preserved the remembrance of a very remote time during which Saturn and Janus reigned on the site of the city before its foundation: the Capitol was named ''mons Saturnius''.〔B. Liou Gilles "Naissance de la ligue latine. Mythe et cult de fondation" in ''Revue belge de philologie et d' histoire'' 74 1. pp. 73-97: 75. Citing Festus s.v. Saturnia p. 430 L: "Saturnia Italia, et mons, qui nunc est Capitolinus, Saturnius appellabatur, quod in tutela Saturni esse existimantur. Saturnii quoque dicebantur, qui castrum in imo clivo Capitolino incolebant, ubi ara diacata ei deo ante bellum troianum videtur." And Ovid "Fasti" 6, 31: "A patre dicta meo quondam Saturnia Roma est".〕 The Romans identified Saturn with the Greek Cronus, whose myths were adapted for Latin literature and Roman art. In particular, Cronus's role in the genealogy of the Greek gods was transferred to Saturn. As early as Livius Andronicus (3rd century BC), Jupiter was called the son of Saturn.〔''Saturni filius'', frg. 2 in the edition of Baehrens.〕 Saturn had two consorts who represented different aspects of the god. The name of his wife Ops, the Roman equivalent of Greek Rhea, means "wealth, abundance, resources."〔Hans Friedrich Mueller, "Saturn," ''Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome'' (Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 222.〕 The association with Ops though is considered a later development, as this goddess was originally paired with Consus.〔G. Dumézil p. 244.〕 Earlier was Saturn's association with Lua ("destruction, dissolution, loosening"), a goddess who received the bloodied weapons of enemies destroyed in war.〔G. Dumézil "Lua Mater" in ''Déesses latines et mythes védiques'' Bruxelles 1968 1959 p. 98-115. D. compared this Roman figure with Indian deity Nírŗti.〕 Under Saturn's rule, humans enjoyed the spontaneous bounty of the earth without labour in the "Golden Age" described by Hesiod and Ovid. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saturn (mythology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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